Endothelial dysfunction in patients with angina and non-obstructed coronary arteries is associated with an increased risk of mayor cardiovascular events. Results of the Spanish ENDOCOR registry.

BACKGROUND: Coronary endothelial dysfunction and vasospasm are potential causes of ischemia in patients without obstructive coronary stenoses (INOCA). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and the clinical profile of patients with INOCA in Spain, as well as to identify the predictors and the prognostic impact of endothelial dysfunction in this scenario. METHODS: A total of 438 consecutive patients with INOCA in whom the acetylcholine test was performed were prospectively enrolled. Patients were followed up at 1 and 2 years. RESULTS: Mean age was 62 ± 11 years with 60% female. Clinical presentation comprised 52.6% angina at rest, 61.2% exertional angina, and 31.7% dyspnea. There were no major complications of the acetylcholine test. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in 198 (45%) of patients, with severe vasoconstriction (defined as over 70% constriction), being observed in 101 (23%). Multivariable regression analysis showed that endothelial dysfunction was predicted by the presence of exertional angina (OR 2.2; CI95%1.01-2.55; p = 0.02), prior coronary disease (OR 2.46; CI95% 1.57-3.89; p < 0.01), and coronary intramyocardial bridging (2.35; CI95% 1.02-5.60; p = 0.04). Patients with endothelial dysfunction presented with worsening angina compared to those without endothelial dysfunction (25.6% vs. 12.8%) and also presented with increased levels of minimal effort angina (40% vs. 26,7%, p = 0.03) more frequently during the follow up than those without endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction was also an independent predictor of the occurrence of myocardial infarction or unstable angina at one year (OR 2.85, CI 95% 1.01-9.25; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial dysfunction is present in almost half of patients with INOCA and is associated with worsening symptoms, as well as with a higher rate of adverse events.

Angina e isquemia a los 2 años con armazón vascular bioabsorbible y stents farmacoactivos metálicos. Estudio ESTROFA Isquemia AVB-SFAm / Angina and ischemia at 2 years with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds and metallic drug-eluting stents. ESTROFA Ischemia BVS-mDES study

Introducción y objetivos: Los armazones vasculares bioabsorbibles (AVB) tienen el potencial de restaurar la vasomotilidad, pero se desconocen las implicaciones clínicas. En este estudio se evalúan la angina y la isquemia a largo plazo tras el implante de AVB y stents farmacoactivos metálicos (SFAm). Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, que incluyó a pacientes tras 24 ± 6 meses de evolución sin eventos a los que se realizó ecografía de estrés y se aplicó el Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). El objetivo primario fue el resultado positivo en la ecografía de estrés. Resultados: Se incluyó a 102 pacientes tratados con AVB y 106 con SFAm, sin diferencias basales significativas. Se produjo recurrencia de la angina en 18 pacientes (17,6%) con AVB frente a 25 (23,5%) con SFAm (p = 0,37), pero los resultados del SAQ fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo AVB (frecuencia de angina, 96.0 ± 8.0 frente a 89,2 ± 29,7; p = 0,02). La ecografía de estrés fue positiva en 11/92 (11,9%) con AVB frente a 9/96 (9,4%) con SFAm (p = 0,71) y se indujo angina en 2/102 (1,9%) frente a 7/106 (6,6%) (p = 0,18), pero el desempeño en el ejercicio fue mejor con AVB incluso en aquellos con tests positivos (duración del ejercicio, 9,0 ± 2,0 frente a 7,7 ± 1,8 min; p = 0,02). Un análisis por puntuación de propensión de tratamiento ofreció resultados similares. Conclusiones: El objetivo primario fue comparable en ambos grupos. La recurrencia de la angina fue similar entre los tratados con AVB y con SFAm. El mejor estado funcional, medido por SAQ y nivel de ejercicio, detectado en pacientes con AVB tendría que confirmarse en futuros estudios

Introduction and objectives: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have the potential to restore vasomotion but the clinical implications are unknown. We sought to evaluate angina and ischemia in the long-term in patients treated with BVS and metallic drug-eluting stents (mDES). Methods: Multicenter study including patients with 24 ± 6 months of uneventful follow-up, in which stress echocardiography was performed and functional status was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). The primary endpoint was a positive result in stress echocardiography. Results: The study included 102 patients treated with BVS and 106 with mDES. There were no differences in the patients' baseline characteristics. Recurrent angina was found in 18 patients (17.6%) in the BVS group vs 25 (23.5%) in the mDES group (P = .37), but SAQ results were significantly better in the BVS group (angina frequency 96.0 ± 8.0 vs 89.2 ± 29.7; P = .02). Stress echocardiography was positive in 11/92 (11.9%) of BVS patients vs 9/96 (9.4%) of mDES patients in the (P = .71) and angina was induced in 2/102 (1.9%) vs 7/106 (6.6%) (P = .18), respectively, but exercise performance was better in the BVS group even in those with positive tests (exercise duration 9.0 ± 2.0 minutes vs 7.7 ± 1.8 minutes; P = .02). A propensity score matching analysis yielded similar results. Conclusions: The primary endpoint was similar in both groups. In addition, recurrent angina was similar in patients with BVS and mDES. The better functional status, assessed by means of SAQ and exercise performance, detected in patients receiving BVS should be confirmed in further studies

Angina and Ischemia at 2 Years With Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds and Metallic Drug-eluting Stents. ESTROFA Ischemia BVS-mDES Study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have the potential to restore vasomotion but the clinical implications are unknown. We sought to evaluate angina and ischemia in the long-term in patients treated with BVS and metallic drug-eluting stents (mDES). METHODS: Multicenter study including patients with 24 ± 6 months of uneventful follow-up, in which stress echocardiography was performed and functional status was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). The primary endpoint was a positive result in stress echocardiography. RESULTS: The study included 102 patients treated with BVS and 106 with mDES. There were no differences in the patients' baseline characteristics. Recurrent angina was found in 18 patients (17.6%) in the BVS group vs 25 (23.5%) in the mDES group (P = .37), but SAQ results were significantly better in the BVS group (angina frequency 96.0 ± 8.0 vs 89.2 ± 29.7; P = .02). Stress echocardiography was positive in 11/92 (11.9%) of BVS patients vs 9/96 (9.4%) of mDES patients in the (P = .71) and angina was induced in 2/102 (1.9%) vs 7/106 (6.6%) (P = .18), respectively, but exercise performance was better in the BVS group even in those with positive tests (exercise duration 9.0 ± 2.0minutes vs 7.7 ± 1.8minutes; P = .02). A propensity score matching analysis yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The primary endpoint was similar in both groups. In addition, recurrent angina was similar in patients with BVS and mDES. The better functional status, assessed by means of SAQ and exercise performance, detected in patients receiving BVS should be confirmed in further studies.